CWS Market Review – October 19, 2021
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-508 Points
Thirty-four years ago today, the stock market crashed. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 508 points to close at 1,783.74.
A loss of 508 points is big today, but in 1987, it was staggering. In percentages terms, the 1987 crash was a loss of 22.6%. That was the biggest one-day percentage loss in the Dow’s history, and it still is today. It was bigger than even 1929.
In fact, given the market’s “circuit breaker” rules, it’s a record that may never be broken. Nowadays, the exchange shuts down for the day if the S&P 500 falls by more than 20%.
The Crash of 1987 is a difficult fact for people like myself who advocate a long-term buy-and-hold philosophy. After all, how could a crash like that happen? How come no one saw it coming? Why did it happen?
The answers aren’t so easy. Like many historical events, the crash appears to be obvious in retrospect, yet it was so surprising when it happened.
Let’s consider a few facts surrounding the crash of 1987. For one, the stock market had been soaring. The bull market started in 1982 and it was putting up very impressive numbers in 1986 and 1987. The big crash really just gave back the last several months’ worth of returns. The Dow actually closed slightly higher for the year of 1987. Many people forget that.
Here’s a chart I made. Sure, I omitted some important data. But viewed from this perspective, the market doesn’t look so bad.
The Federal Reserve, under the leadership of Alan Greenspan, had started raising interest rates. That’s always a painful tonic for a rising market. Also, Greenspan was new on the job, having started in August.
Markets were already nervous. On Friday, October 16th, the Dow closed down 108 points. That may not sound like a lot to us, but it was an all-time record back then. On that evening’s “Wall $treet Week With Louis Rukeyser,” Rukeyser talked about the problem of mindless program trading.
October 19th was a Monday but over the weekend, London was hit by its worst storm in 300 years. The storm was so bad that the Bank of England declared Friday the 16th a holiday. In an eerie coincidence, London was hit by a massive storm 58 years before in October 1929. As it turns out, Winston Churchill was visiting the NYSE on Black Thursday 1929.
On Saturday October 17, James Baker, who was then Treasury Secretary, threatened the German government to weaken its currency or else he would devalue the U.S. dollar. Baker was reacting to the recently-released trade deficit figures. Baker reiterated his currency threats on the Sunday morning talk shows. That clearly alarmed many investors.
By the way, if you’re into the Fibonacci sequence, then 1987 had a lot to offer you. It was five years after the bull market start, 13 years from the 1974 low, 21 years from the 1966 high and 55 years from the 1932 low.
I’m sure there are others I’m missing. The point is that a lot of strange things seemed to come together on October 19, 1987.
That morning’s Wall Street Journal ran a chart overlaying the recent market with the one in 1929, supposedly showing them following a similar path. I often see these scary charts. The trick is that the two lines follow wildly different scales.
Asian markets opened lower on Monday morning. That was followed by a messy open in the U.S. The early losses, however, weren’t that bad. But after 2 p.m., the losses started to accelerate. In the final hour of trading, it turned into a panic.
From a long-term perspective, the 1987 crash was a great time to buy.
There’s another lesson to the market crash of 1987. It’s that at root, the market is fundamentally mysterious. There really is no good explanation for the market doing what it does. It just happens. We have lots of fancy math formulas to model what the market might do, but all of that is a guess. The market gods are capricious.
The market is a mob and it will be no more wise or patient than a mob. Sir Isaac Newton famously said, “I can calculate the motion of heavenly bodies, but not the madness of people.” That’s wise counsel to heed the next time you hear someone’s market forecast.
Now, whenever I hear someone say, “this market reminds me a lot of 1987.” I’m inclined to respond, “so you think we’re going to rise 20-fold in 34 years?”
In the Compound with Friends
Last week, I was invited by Josh Brown and Michael Batnick of Ritholtz Wealth Management to be a guest on their first-rate podcast, The Compound & Friends. I’ve been friends with them and an admirer of them for many years. Blair duQuesnay, one of my favorite bloggers/writers, also of Ritholtz, was another guest.
Check it out:
(During the podcast, I mangled my explanation of Miller Industries. Here’s a better explanation.)
The First Bitcoin ETF Hits the Market
Earlier today, the first Bitcoin ETF started trading. The official name is the ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF and the ticker symbol is BITO.
There’s been a long battle to get a Bitcoin ETF. The SEC has been adamantly opposed to just about every idea. The fear is that Bitcoin can be easily manipulated. Technically, this ETF trades Bitcoin futures, not Bitcoin itself. That means the ETF won’t exactly track Bitcoin. The fund will have to constantly roll its portfolio into the following month’s contract which will probably eat into returns. In day-to-day terms, that won’t mean much but it could have a big impact over the long haul. The fund’s expense ratio is 0.95%.
There are still lots of indirect ways of investing in crypto. According to the latest numbers I’ve seen, the company Microstrategy (MSTR) owns over 114,042 Bitcoins. That’s over $7 billion (well, in boring fiat).
Our Buy List has been in on the game as well. Yesterday, Bakkt Holdings (BKKT) started trading. Bakkt is a digital asset trading platform. The company was launched three years ago by our very own Intercontinental Exchange (ICE).
The Alpharetta, Georgia-based company, founded in 2018, initially focused on developing Bitcoin futures contracts and a custodial service that can be used by hedge funds and other institutional investors to store their digital assets. The business has since expanded, partnering with travel and leisure companies such as Choice Hotels and Starbucks to allow their customers to convert loyalty points into cash or buy a cup of coffee with their coin via their app.
It helps that that ICE owns the NYSE. The deal involved Bakkt combining with a SPAC called VPC Impact Acquisition Holdings. The new Bitcoin ETF should be a big boost for Bakkt. According to Bakkt, the total market could reach $5 trillion by 2025. Frankly, the initial launch of Bakkt on the market was a disappointment. I think many investors had been expecting a big pop on its first day and it didn’t come.
Intercontinental Exchange continues to do very well for us. It’s been on our Buy List for nearly five years and it’s up 145% for us. The company is due to report earnings on October 28. The consensus on Wall Street is for earnings of $1.21 per share.
Stock Focus: Public Storage
Let’s say your boss offers you a big raise and a promotion, but the catch is that the job requires you to move out of the country. You love to see the world, so you jump at the chance.
But there’s one nagging question: what do you do with all your stuff?
Nowadays, there’s an easy answer. You rent a storage unit. There are lots of these facilities all over the country. If you look long enough, you’re bound to come across Public Storage (PSA).
Public Storage is the largest self-storage real estate investment trust (REIT) in the United States. There are currently more than 2,600 Public Storage locations around the world. The company is based in Glendale, CA.
If you’re not familiar with a REIT, it’s basically the landlord of some real estate. If the REIT pays out almost all of its income to shareholders, then it gets preferential tax treatment. As a result, REITs often have good dividend yields. It’s a great way to invest in real estate.
Public Storage was founded in 1972 by B. Wayne Hughes and Kenneth Volk Jr. During a trip to Texas, Hughes saw that local real estate developers had made, in effect, mini storage units, so he decided to bring the idea to Southern California. It was a brilliant idea because he could charge as much as apartments in term of price per square foot. The difference is that the upkeep costs were far less.
The business quickly took off and by 1989, it had grown to 1,000 locations. PSA officially became a REIT in 1995. Today it has a market cap of $56 billion, and PSA is one of the largest REITs around.
More than 90% of PSA’s revenue comes from its self-storage business. The company does a lot more than just provide the space. They also provide a broad range of services for their clients. PSA offers insurance and packing products. The company also had a subsidiary that provides boxes and truck rentals.
It’s an interesting business because the storage lots tend to be located in unforgiving parts of large cities. They’re often located in dense clusters near freeways and intersections. It’s also interesting that PSA has relatively few employees. The lots are automated so customers can access their units at any time.
As any fan of the TV show Storage Wars knows, abandoned units are auctioned off. (Despite what you may have heard, most abandoned or unpaid lots contain useless junk.)
PSA has been a tremendous business over the years. Thirty years ago, you could have picked up one share of PSA for $8. Since then, the stock has increased by 40-fold! And that doesn’t include dividends. If you include dividends, then PSA gained over 180-fold. All from renting storage units!
I really like PSA’s dividend. The company currently pays out a quarterly dividend of $2 per share, or $8 for the year. Think of it this way: If you had bought PSA 15 years ago, you’d now be yielding close to 10% based on your original purchase price.
One of the reasons why I like the stock right now is that the industry is rebounding from an early pandemic decline. I also like that PSA is the dominant player in the industry. The company buys up smaller companies all the time. There hasn’t been much self-storage building recently. That means there’s been a scramble to buy out smaller storage companies. There are lots of small operators and they’re happy to sell to PSA.
Public Storage currently yields 2.5% which is 0.87% more than the 10-year Treasury’s yield. The next earnings report is due out on November 1.
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I’ll have more for you in the next issue of CWS Market Review.
– Eddy